Ophrys tenthredinifera in narrow sense are the early-flowering (~March) plants found in the Western Mediterranean region in Spain including the Balearic Islands, Portugal and (very rarely) Southern France. which are pollinated by Eucera nigrilabris subsp. nigrilabris. Some authors distinguish a Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. guimaraesii D.TYTECA, which is said to occur only at low altitudes, bloom even earlier, namely from December to February, have an even narrower lip, but otherwise look like Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. tenthredinifera, and have the same pollinator bee. I have doubt as to whether this is really a different taxon.
The closely related Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. villosa in the Eastern Mediterranean region are pollinated by another subspecies, Eucera nigrilabris subsp. rufitarsis.