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	Polystichum aculeatum  (L.) ROTH

APG-Fam.: Dryopteridaceae / Shield Fern Fam.       Fam. tradit.: Pteridopsida / True Ferns

Genus:  Polystichum  ROTH

Authors:
	L.:		Carl von Linné (Linnaeus, 1707 - 1777), Swedish naturalist who introduced the binary naming system for plants and animals
	ROTH:		Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757 - 1834), physician and botanist from Bremen (Northern Germany)

Etymology:
	Polystichum:		polys = many, stichos = row (sporangia)
	aculeatum:		spinose

Fig. 1:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 2:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 3:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 4:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 5:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 6:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 7:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 8:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hirschberg 3.4.2008

Fig. 9:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Bruchsal 21.6.2009

Fig. 10:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Bruchsal 21.6.2009

Fig. 11:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hemsbach 8.7.2009

Fig. 12:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Hemsbach 8.7.2009

Fig. 13:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Neckarzimmern 11.4.2010

Fig. 14:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Neckarzimmern 11.4.2010

Fig. 15:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern (young plant) D Neckargerach 3.2.2013

Fig. 16:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Lützelbach 17.9.2016

Fig. 17:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Ober-Roden 17.6.2015

Fig. 18:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Ober-Roden 17.6.2015

Fig. 19:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern D Ober-Roden 17.6.2015

Fig. 20:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Velebit Oltare 29.6.2010

Fig. 21:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Velebit Oltare 29.6.2010

Fig. 22:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Velebit Oltare 29.6.2010

Fig. 23:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Medvednica 18.7.2010

Fig. 24:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Medvednica 18.7.2010

Fig. 25:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Plitvička 1.6.2008

Fig. 26:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Plitvička 1.6.2008

Fig. 27:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Croatia, Plitvička 1.6.2008

Fig. 28:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 29:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 30:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 31:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 32:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 33:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern Slovenia, Tržic 9.7.2019

Fig. 34:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern A Deutschlandsberger Klause 30.6.2022

Fig. 35:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern A Deutschlandsberger Klause 30.6.2022

Fig. 36:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern A Deutschlandsberger Klause 30.6.2022

Fig. 37:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern A Deutschlandsberger Klause 30.6.2022

Fig. 38:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern E Picos de Europa, Covadonga 7.8.2012

Fig. 39:  Polystichum aculeatum / Hard Shield Fern E Picos de Europa, Covadonga 7.8.2012

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Copyright: Use of the images and texts only with the author's written permission.